Volume 7, Issue 12

1. The Role of Workplace Fun in Enhancing Organizational Outcomes a Study on Sadat City University
   Author’s Details: ⁽¹⁾ Wageeh A. Nafei – University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
   Abstract:
   This paper attempts to determine the role of Workplace Fun (WF) in enhancing Organizational Outcomes (OO) at Sadat City University (SCU). Using Tews et al., 2014 for measuring WF and Shamsuddin & Abdul Rahman, 2014; Demir, 2014; Imam, et al., 2014; Albdour, et al., 2014; Davoudi & Allahyari, 2013; Cicei, 2012; Luthans, 2011; Bauer & Erdogan, 2010; Pugno & Depedri, 2009; Yen, 2008; Jacqueline & Kessler, 2004 for measuring OO. The study develops a number of hypotheses and tests them. Of the 400 questionnaires that were distributed, 300 usable questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 75%. The research has reached a number of results, the most important of which are: (1) the responses of faculty members at SCU showed that there is a low tendency towards the leadership in the university towards the practice of FA and their support for fun. This indicates that most leaders follow the standards, policies and regulatory procedures from the point of view of the teaching process, (2) the university faculties are aware of the OO in the work through the university’s interest in the excellence of its leaders and their brilliance in their work, services, innovations and leadership support for the values, considerations and customs of the university. In addition, the investment of implicit and explicit knowledge in their work, and (3) research has shown that WF has an effective role in increasing the event of fun and fun atmosphere for employees characterized by recreational activities and competitions to change their psychological well-being. The research concluded that: (1) the management should encourage employees to socialize with each other and emphasize the joke and the importance of humor. Human resource managers must enhance pleasure in the workplace through formal and informal methods, (2) the University of Sadat City and its faculties take into consideration that achieving OO. This can not be achieved unless high standards of excellence are achieved at the university and individual levels focusing on unique organizational resources and capabilities in order to achieve their organizational objectives, (3) fun work environment should be provided at SCU and its faculties. This can be done by supporting the social and psychological activities of the employees. This will enhance their attitudes towards the university and enhance personal relations. This will improve the OO, (4) leaders at SCU and its faculties must have a moral duty to create an organizational culture that encourages creativity, respect for laws, and personal initiative that is consistent with the mission and goals of the university, and (5) the current stage at SCU under the competition and obtaining local and international rankings on the quality of education and academic accreditation requires the creation of new knowledge and innovations that contribute to the achievement of OO. In addition, their brilliance in the leadership of thought and organizational intelligence builds the educational system that maintains learning and innovation commensurate with the provision of services to the community
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2. Punjab Education Foundation Schools: A Public-Private Partnership Paradigm, its Effects and Repercussion
   Author’s Details: ⁽¹⁾Muhammad Arshad^{* (2)}Dr. Zia Ahmad Qamar – ⁽¹⁾SST Science, Govt. Fazilka Islamia Model High School Pakpattan-Pakistan ⁽²⁾Teacher, Govt. High School No.1 haveli Lakha, Okara-Pakistan
   Abstract:
   Education is necessary for the personality development of human beings. There are different types of institutions working in Punjab, Pakistan like government and private institutions, technical institutions and religious institutions (Madrasas). There is another type of institution working on the base of the public; private partnership is Punjab Education Foundation (PEF) partner schools. The main purpose of this study was to provide snapshots of organizational structure and students outcomes of PEF partner schools. The researcher characterizes the practice that academic scope is administered within the PEF Schools through this articulation. The researcher developed a rating scale for gauging schooling process, and the annual result of Punjab Examination Commission (PEC) was taken as students outcomes. The Punjab Education Foundation schools; have an excellent organizational structure, better students’ outcomes, enhanced enrollment, and quality educationKeywords: punjab education foundation partner schools, students outcomes, punjab examination commission, organizational structure, enrollment.
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3. The Role of Workplace Happiness in Achieving Organizational Brilliance a Study on Sadat City University
   Author’s Details: Wageeh A. Nafei – University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
   Abstract:
   This paper tries to identify the impact of Workplace Happiness (WH) on Organizational Brilliance (OB) at Sadat City University (SCU) in Egypt. Using Demo & Paschoal, 2016; Paschosl & Tamayo, 2008 for measuring WH and Shobaki & Naser, 2016; O’Shea & Alonso, 2013 for measuring OB. About 400 survey questionnaires were distributed. Multiple follow-ups yielded 300 statistically usable questionnaires. Survey responses were 75%.The research has reached a number of results, the most important of which are: (1) there is a causal relationship between WH and OB. In other words, increasing the level of WH leads to improved OB. The positive impact of WH will encourage workers and motivate them to distinguish the University of Sadat City, (2) the results of the analysis showed that the faculties in SCUy, having increased level of WH, reflect positively on the process of OB, and (3) the results of the analysis showed that WH has a significant impact on OB (brilliance of leaders, brilliance of service and innovation, and brilliance in the field of knowledge).The research has drawn the following conclusions: (1) the employee’s happiness may vary in different cultural contexts. Therefore, further research on happiness issues should be explored to include diverse cultures as well as different types of organizations, (2) the concept of happiness is crucial to organizational performance and productivity. Therefore, HR managers need to design and manage the workplace to promote the employee’s happiness, (3) happy staff brings their happiness from the office to their home country. Similarly, they also convey their happiness from their home country to the office. Therefore, this indicates a close relationship between the individual’s work and his life, (4) the importance of administrative leadership at SCU to achieve WH, which has a major role in achieving OB, and to bring about positive change within the individual and the organization and society as a whole, (5) it is essential that the administrative leaders of SCU focus on the constraints and limitations that prevent WH, attention to the well-being of employees and the creation of an appropriate environment, as they contribute significantly to the OB of the University, (6) it is essential that the administrative leadership at SCU pays close attention to reducing the process of negative emotional impact, and focus on the positive emotional impact and the achievement of satisfactory work, in order to maintain the level of WH, (7) the attention of the administrative leaders at SCU to positive behaviors that lead to achieving the OB represented by the brilliance of the leaders, the brilliance of service and innovation, and the brilliance of the field of knowledge. There is an essential need to move away from the negative behaviors that limit the process of OB, (8) it is necessary to reward the employees of SCU who enjoy and achieve brilliance in their work and encourage them to provide creative and innovative ideas that contribute to improving the service provided by the university.
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4. Students Personality Development Paradigm: Public versus Private
   Author’s Details: ⁽¹⁾ Muhammad Arshad – ⁽¹⁾SST Science, Govt. Fazilka Islamia Model High School Pakpattan-Pakistan ⁽²⁾Dr Zia Ahmad Qamar-⁽²⁾ Teacher, Govt. High School No.1 Haveli Lakha, Okara-Pakistan
   Abstract:
   This study is designed to compare the personality development of students at public and private schools of Punjab, Pakistan. The research study was quantitative in nature and survey was conducted to collect data. The researchers developed two questionnaires related to imparting knowledge and parameters of personality development; both questionnaires were piloted and validated before data collection. The maximum measures of imparting knowledge of personality development were best conducted in public schools as compared to private schools whereas, some measures better in private schools as compared to public schools. The parameters of personality development such as self-esteem, body language, creative problem solving, conflict and stress management, decision making skills, character building, teamwork, respect religion diversity, good manners and etiquettes, participation in group discussion, motivation, leadership qualities and respect cultural diversity are well developed in students learning in public schools as compared to students learning in private schools. The parameters of personality development like discipline, time management, speaking skills, intellectual skills, confidence, and attitude are best developed in students of private schools as compared to students of public schoolsKeywords: personality development, public schools, self-esteem, leadership qualities, etiquettes, intellectual skills.
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5. The Impact of Supplementary Services on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: A Study on Menoufia University Hospitals
   Author’s Details: Wageeh A. Nafei – University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
   Abstract:
   This paper attempts to identify the role of Supplementary Services (SS) in affecting Customer Satisfaction (CS) and Customer Loyalty (CL) at Menoufia University hospitals (MUH). The research community is composed of all employees at MUH (University Hospitals, National Liver Institute and Students Hospitals) in Egypt. Using Lovelock, 1992; 1995 for measuring SS, Athanassopoulos, et al., 2001 for measuring CS and Parasuraman, 1996 for measuring CL. About 338 survey questionnaires were distributed. Multiple follow-ups yielded 275 statistically usable questionnaires. Survey responses were 81%.The research discovered a number of results which are (1) there is a positive relationship between SS, CS, and CL at MUH. In other words, increasing the level of SS leads to improved CS and CL. The positive impact of SS will encourage customers to be satisfied and loyal. In other words, SS is an important indicator of CS and CL, (2) the results of the analysis showed that hospitals in MUH, which increases the level of SS, it reflects positively on CS and CL. In other words, SS is a key factor for CS and CL, (3) the results of the analysis showed that SS has a significant impact on CS and CL at MUH. SS is an important tool for organizations to increase their income and market share, and (4) the researcher used CFA in order to verify the quality of the various research measures. It is clear that all the statement of SS, CS, and CL are greater than 0.50, which corresponds to the GFI. This is a good indicator of all other statistical analysis. In addition to that, the researcher depends on SEM because it is one of the best ways to use the multivariable test. SEM has been used to test the compatibility model using AMOS analysis. In order to ascertain whether the model is compatible with the sample data used. Also, it already measures the variable that should be measured. In general, it is clear that the previous indicators are good for making all other statistical analysis.The study referred to a number of recommendations which are: (1) MUH Department should raise awareness among its staff of the difference between SS, and basic service, (2) the management of MUH should be interested in the quality of the service that can occur through the quality control department, (3) It is recommended to increase the hospitality level within in MUH and provide more effective solutions for patients where the person is expected to be shipped mainly according to the service received, (4) The feedback of agents must be taken into account, using questionnaires, commercial research studies, and specialists. The aim is to be reassured  regarding the quality of services, (5) customer services require much experience. This may be attained via training programs for workers responsible for services, (6) Business processes must be smooth, while the time for service should be kept at a minimum. To realize this all staff need motivation and empowerment to perform their quality, and (7) MUH in Egypt should know that the customer should be respected, and staff should try to obtain information, suggestions or problems in order to improve service delivery and CS
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6. Organizational Identification as an Approach to Achieve Outstanding University Performance: A Study on Sadat City University
   Author’s Details:Wageeh A. Nafei – University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
   Abstract:
   This paper tries to identify the impact of Organizational Identification (OI) on Outstanding University Performance (OUP) at Sadat City University (SCU). Using Cheney, 1982; and Reese, 2014 for measuring OI and Kotler, 2000 for measuring OUP. About 400 survey questionnaires were distributed. Multiple follow-ups yielded 300 statistically usable questionnaires. Survey responses were 75%.The research has reached a number of results which are: (1) the general average of the areas of OI among the different categories of faculty members at the University of Sadat City is high. The organizational membership as one of the dimensions of OI ranked first, followed by organizational loyalty in the second place, and finally the organizational similarity in the third place as one of the dimensions of OI at SCU, (2) the general average of the areas of job performance among the various categories of faculty members at SCU is high. The beneficiaries as one of the dimensions of OUP ranked first, followed by the organizational culture in the second place, the resources in the third place, and finally the process as one of the dimensions of OUP at SCU, and (3) there is a statistically significant relationship between the areas of OI (OL, OS and OM), and OUP (beneficiaries, process, resources and organizational culture) at SCU.The study referred to a number of recommendations which are: (1) designing and implementing a set of training programs for all officials at SCU to maintain the level of OI among faculty members, and this can be done through the development of awareness among administrative leaders of the concept and importance and areas of OI and its positive effects both at the level of faculty member, or at the university level, (2) the officials at SCU maintain the level of OI, and can be done by increasing interest in faculty members, and meet their needs and desires periodically to achieve and satisfy the possible ones, (3) the officials at SCU should increase the level of OI among faculty members, and can be done by inviting members of the faculty to participate in decision-making by providing their views and suggestions, (4) directing the attention of officials at SCU to strengthen the OI among faculty members, and can be done through meetings and meetings, and the practice of social and recreational activities, (5) the officials at SCU should maintain on the level of performance of all members of the faculty, and to support and strengthen the strengths, and address the causes of weakness and weakness and work to avoid them in the future, and (6) directing the attention of officials at SCU should maintain the level of OI among faculty members, and can be done through the creation of working conditions, and follow the method of incentives, whether physical or moral, and the design of incentive systems conditional on performance, as the incentives play an important role in maintaining the level of OI on the one hand and positively affecting the level of functional performance on the other.
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7. Human Trafficking In Nigeria: Implications to National Development
   Author’s Details:⁽¹⁾Ifeyinwa Arum (Ph.D.) –⁽¹⁾ Department Of Political Science Ekiti State University Ado – Ekiti, Nigeria ⁽²⁾Janet Monisola Oluwaleye (Ph.D.) ⁽²⁾Department Of Political Science Ekiti State University Ado – Ekiti, Nigeria
   Abstract:
   Human trafficking has generated serious attention in the last two decades worldwide. This is not unconnected to the fact that it has become a global menace. Several international, regional and national treaties and conventions have been adopted to end this inhuman trade. Nigeria has been identified as a source, transit and destination country for human trafficking. This paper examines the causes of human trafficking in Nigeria and its implications on national development. It also examines the international, regional and global responses to human trafficking. The study recommends that the government should empower Nigerian women as a way of reducing their vulnerability to this trade. The government should build capacities and also make sufficient budgetary allocation to the agencies that are involved in apprehending human traffickers and those that are responsible for the rehabilitation of their victimsKeywords: Gender, Human Trafficking, Menace, International Organizations, National Development
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8. The Influence of Organizational Ethical Culture and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Whistle Blowing Intentions: Evidence from Sadat City University in Egypt
   Author’s Details: Wageeh A. Nafei-University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
   Abstract:
   Organizational Whistle Blowing Intentions (OWBI) has received more attention and support as a means of detecting and correcting errors in organizations.This study aims to identify the impact of Organizational Ethical Culture (OEC) and Organizational Commitment (OC) on OWBI at Sadat City University (SCU) in Egypt. Employing Treviño et al., 1998 for measuring OEC, Allen & Meyer, 1991 for measuring OC, and Park & Blenkinsopp, 2009 for measuring OWBI. About 400 survey questionnaires were distributed. Multiple follow-ups yielded 300 statistically usable questionnaires. Survey responses were 75%.The research found a number of results which are: (1) the results show the importance of OEC in influencing OWBI at SCU, (2) OEC can play a critical role in OWBI since management response is a key factor that can influence the decision of whistleblowers. OEC can indicate to potential informers what behaviors are acceptable to the SCU, (3) the results support the view that the OC was highly relevant to OWBI, (4) the results indicate that OC has blinded some staff to ethical problems at SCU, (5) the results show that younger and less experienced staff are more likely than older towards OWBI, (6) The results show that OEC and the ethical sense of duty are vital to encourage members to make progress and to disclose employers’ abuses, (7) OEC is an important determinant of ethical behavioral intentions, and (8) it is important to send the correct message to all SCU employees around OEC. It is a key determinant of ethical conduct. Unethical culture is spreading cancer that eventually devours great personalities. OEC does not always pay, but the lack of it always hurts.The research has reached the following conclusions: (1) SCU should have appropriate mechanisms to advertise irregularities, (2) SCU needs to inform staff that acceptable fugitive violations, (3) SCU needs to develop more protection mechanisms and report an error committed by employees, (4) SCU can provide strong support to whistleblowers through the use of archiving mechanisms, (5) SCU need to raise OC for the employees, if the error is corrected, (6) SCU can provide systems of rewards and fair promotion, (7) SCU must have an effective communication for error reporting, (8) SCU needs policies and practices that support OWBI. These policies can be dedicated to mission statements and business contracts. There must be regular training courses in ethics and solving ethical dilemmas, (9) SCU must adopt the open-door policy. Also, the administration can establish independent committees, chaired by either trusted clergy or judiciary to receive OWBI complaints, and (10) SCU must be attentive about the readiness of staff to stand against what is true.
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9. Social, Educational and Medical Impacts of Teenage Pregnancy on Secondary School Girls in Irepodun/Ifepodun Local Government Area in Ekiti State
   Author Details: Alade, Folasade Adesola (Ph.D.)-Guidance and Counselling Department, Faculty of Education Ekiti state University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
   Abstract:
   the study investigated the impacts of teenage pregnancy on secondary school girls in Irepodun/Ifelodun Local Government Area in Ekiti State. The descriptive research design was used for the study. Three research questions were raised to guide the study. The population was all secondary school students in the study area whilethe sampleconsisted of 200 students randomly selected from four secondary schools in the Local Government. The instrument, a self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The result of the analysis revealed that teenage pregnancy had social, educational and medical impacts on secondary school girls in the study area. It was therefore recommended among others that counselling services should be in place both in primary and secondary schools to educate students, especially girls on the danger of unwanted pregnancy on the attainment of educational goals. Medical centres should also be made available by the government to assist teenage mothers and rehabilitating centres should be in place for those who have dropped out of school so as to guide them to go back to school to continue their education Keywords: Social Impact,Educational Impact, Medical Impacts, Teenage Pregnancy
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10. Frederick Matthias Alexander, Born 150 Years Ago, on January 20, 1869. A Fierce Comment Regarding Interpretations of Alexander’s Texts by Alexander Technique Teachers
    Author Details: Jeroen Staring-Dr. mult. Jeroen Staring taught mathematics and physics at secondary schools in The Netherlands. His 2005 Medical Sciences dissertation describes the life, work and technique of F. Matthias Alexander. In 2013 he successfully defended a second dissertation, on the early history of the NYC Bureau of Educational Experiments.
    Abstract:
    This case study investigates F. M. Alexander’s newly coined phrase “the true primary movement in each and every act,” as well as the interpretations of this neologism by Alexander Technique teachers and a well-known Alexander follower who wrote the first biography of Alexander. The case study further discusses the fact that Alexander was of the opinion that his method(s) constitute applied “race culture,” that is, applied eugenics. Keywords: Alice Rohe. Frederick Matthias Alexander, Joe Armstrong, Seán Carey, Walter Carrington, Jean M. O. Fischer, Edward Maisel, Eckhart Richter, Malcolm Williamson.
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11. Parenting 1-2-3: Zimbabwean Mothers’ Expression of Maternal Warmth and Leadership in Masvingo Urban
    Author’s Details: ⁽¹⁾ Rose Mugweni ⁽²⁾ Emily Ganga⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾Great Zimbabwe University – Department of Educational Foundations
    Abstract:
    This study examined Zimbabwean mothers’ expression of maternal warmth as leaders of their young children aged one to three years in Masvingo urban. The study was informed by Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems theory. The study used a phenomenological descriptive survey design with an open-ended questionnaire and focus group interviews with thirty-eight purposefully selected mothers as data collection methods. The design facilitated to bring to the surface deep issues and to make the voices of the mother participants heard. To make sense of the collected data, the researchers applied the grounded theory of data analysis to identify five themes under which the results were presented and discussed. This study established that Zimbabwean mothers understand the provision of  maternal warmth to young children as being extremely important. The mothers positively expressed  warmth and love to their children under three years of age within a cultural perspective. The study established that the mothers created an upward parenting spiral by prioritizing things that made children feel loved and happy. It was established that children who feel loved were autonomous, happy, cooperative and lovable. Regarding strictness, the study found that mothers were firm and fare, displaying an authoritative parenting style where children’s needs and support were met. This study recommends that parental education on expressing warmth to ensure holistic development for children aged one to three year is needed. The government through the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare should step up efforts to help capacitate mothers with entrepreneurship skills for them to acquire resources needed for their young children. Keywords: parenting spiral, maternal warmth, mother, leadership, authoritative parenting
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12. Socio-Political and Educational Reforms of Robert Sandeman in Balochistan
    Author’s Details: ⁽¹⁾ Pervez Ahmed ⁽²⁾Dr.M. Usman Tobawal⁽¹⁾Assistant professor Pakistan Study Centre University of Balochistan Quetta- ⁽²⁾Director and professor Pakistan Study Centre University of Balochistan Quetta
    Abstract:
    Present study was carried out so as to determine the socio-political and educational reforms of Robert Sandeman in Balochistan. In this regard, the descriptive research design was used. University of Balochistan and Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University (Social Science Division or Faculty) were selected as purposively. Keeping in the view objective of the this study, two hundred (200) respondents among them 100 respondents were selected from the University of Balochistan and similar, 100 respondents were selected from the Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University Quetta. Analysis of variance, One-Way, ANOVA (LSD) test was applied so that to determine the perceived perceptions of the respondents at 0.01 alpha level. In this regard, the null hypotheses were also used. The finding reveals that more than half 54% of the respondents had fall in up to 30 year of age. More than half 56% of the respondents were having the M.Sc., or MA degree, more than half (56%) of respondents by gender were male. null hypothesis 1 was rejected at p.≤.00; .01 alpha level. However, null hypothesis 2 was accepted and alternate hypothesis was accepted based on perceived perception of groups. Similar, null hypothesis was rejected and alternate hypothesis was accepted based on respondent’s received perceptions at p.≤.00; .01 alpha level, that were (M = 3.50 “UoB”, M = 3.49 “SKBWU”) were found non-significant differences. Keywords: educational,Sir Robert Sandeman, Socio-political, Balochistan
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