International Journal of Case Studies (ISSN Online 2305-509X)

VOLUME 12, ISSUE 5
IMPACT FACTOR 4.428

1) Antimicrobial Sensitivity Study of the Chloroform Fraction of Aqueous Ultrasound Assisted Extract Obtained from the Fresh Leaves of Callistemon citrinus
Author’s Details:A F M Nazmus Sadat^{1, 2*}, Shahnaz Akter², Fuad Laman³, Debobrata Sharma², Mohammad Ali², Fatema Tuz Zohora², Md. Kamruzzaman², Marzia Islam Jemi², Md. Shoriful Islam² and Afroza Sultana^4
1 Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
² Department of Pharmacy, University Of Development Alternative, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh.
³ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Long Island University, NY, USA.
⁴ Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh. *Corresponding Email: afmnsadatbd@gmail.com
Abstract:
Callistemon citrinus belongs to the family Myrtaceae is locally known as Kalki Phool generally recognised as bottle brush tree. Several studies described many traditional applications of this plant in different parts of the world. In the present study the fresh leaves juice of C. citrinus was treated by ultrasound for facilitating the extraction method in aqueous medium. After that desired phytochemicals were separated from the aqueous medium by applying fractional separation through chloroform. Phytochemical study indicated that the chloroform fraction successfully isolated some particular group of compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpinoids etc. from the wide mixing of phytochemicals observed in its aqueous extract. The crude extracts showed promising sensitivity on different Gram +ve and Gram –ve bacteria such as S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. boydii, S. flexneri, S. sonnei and S. dysenteriae. The chloroform extract showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) from 40-80 µg/ml on the above bacteria. The plant is ultimately proved a promising medicinal plant which may be used as a source of developing many promising drugs. At the same time, ultrasound treated extraction methods proved its justification in the field of phytochemical extraction.
Key words: Callistemon citrinus, bottle brush, Kalki Phool, Green extraction, Ultrasound
[Download Full Paper] [Page 01-07]
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2) Study of Antimicrobial and Anti-Thrombolytic Effects of Chloroform Fraction Obtained from Ultrasound Treated Fresh Leaves of Mikania cordata
Author’s Details:A F M Nazmus Sadat^1,2,5*, Md. Abul Kalam Azad², Prosenjit Rajbongshi³, Shamima Ahsan⁴, Shourav Kundu⁴, Sidratul Montaha⁴, Md. Kamruzzaman⁴, Meem mustarin Shandhi⁴, Md. Shoriful Islam⁴, and Md. Matiar Rahman^5
1Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.
²Institute of Environmental Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.
³Department of Pharmacy, Khulna University, Bangladesh.
⁴Department of Pharmacy, University Of Development Alternative, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh.
⁵Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
*Corresponding Email: afmnsadatbd@gmail.com
Abstract:
Mikania cordata belongs to the family Asteraceae is locally known as Asham lata recognised as one of the worst weeds of the world. Traditionally the plant is a popular medicinal plant among different tribal medicinal practitioners for its many proven pharmacological effects. In the present study the chloroform fraction from aqueous fresh leaves extract obtained by ultrasound treatment was used for antimicrobial and anti-thrombolytic study. . Ultrasound assisted extraction is a comparatively novel extraction method which complies with most of the green extraction principles. Phytochemical study indicated that the chloroform fraction successfully isolated alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, terpenoids etc. from the wider mixing observed in its aqueous extract. The crude extracts showed promising sensitivity on the shigella group of bacteria which are generally responsible for GIT related discomfort including diarrhea, dysentery etc. The chloroform extracts also showed a promising clot lysis effect on humans.  The plant may have a promising source for developing antimicrobial and thrombolytic medicine.
Keywords:Mikania cordata, Asham lata, Jerman lata, Green extraction, Ultrasound 
[Download Full Paper] [Page 8-14]
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3) SADC’s Responses to Zimbabwe’s Political and Economic Security Crisis from 1980 Up To 2020
Author’s Details: Blazio M. Manobo**Faculty of Theology of the Catholic University of Zimbabwe
Corresponding address: b.manobo@gmail.com
Abstract:
Zimbabwe’s political and economic crisis is one of the most difficult challenges that SADC had to endure for the past three decades. Economically, the country is struggling to revive its economy which had been strained by Western sanctions ever since the First Republic. Most of the young and skilled workforce have left the country for greener pastures. The sanctions imposed by US and Western countries after the fast-track land reform program of 2000 have left the country at the mercy of China and other Eastern countries. Using a qualitative research method, this study sought to identify SADC’s challenges and prospects in responding to the political and economic crisis of Zimbabwe. It emerged from the study that the Zimbabwean citizenry cherished the period of the Government of National Unity and would opt that SADC endorse and initiate the same for the good of its regional member
Keywords:SADC, liberation brotherhood, Social justice, Land Reform, Corruption
[Download Full Paper] [Page 15-24]
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4) Usurping Governance Effectiveness in Faith-Based Organizations: Evaluation Opportunities and Challenges
Author Details: Blazio M. Manobo-The Catholic University of Zimbabwe.Corresponding address: b.manobo@gmail.com

Abstract:
Faith-Based Organizations (FBO) have become common vehicles for integral human development among religious groups in Africa. The major conundrum is on measuring programs’ effectiveness in the light of FBO governance. For a long time, religious institutions have not allowed their governance structures to be exposed to external assessments and evaluations based on the assumption that acts of charity or works of mercy by religious leaders do not need to be subjected to secular scrutiny. This assumption is now challenged by the advent of modern governance practices whose focus is on the primacy of accountability and alignment with organizational vision and mission. This study takes a  critical look at the relevance of Private and Voluntary Organization’s registration requirements in relation to the core business of Faith-Based Organizations of promoting integral human development. The article advocates for an evaluation approach that seeks to align the measurement of FBO governance effectiveness with the overall spirituality of the religious institution.
Keywords:Faith-Based Organizations, NGO governance, Divine Right of Kings, Integral human development
[Download Full Paper] [Page 25-34]
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5) Market Analysis of Consumption Pattern and Value Addition in Chickpea after Post COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan
Author’s Details: ⁽¹⁾Dr.Faiz Muhammad Shaikh-Professor & Chairman-SZABAC-Dokri-Larkana-Sindh ⁽²⁾Fritz Bohmler – Junkersstr.60 88250 Weingarton Germany ⁽³⁾Dr.Nadeem Bhatti-Vice Chancellor – Lahore Leads University – ⁽⁴⁾Iqra Soomro-PhD. Student – NUST-Islamabad
Abstract:
This research investigates the Market analysis of consumption pattern and Value addition in Chickpea after Post COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. Data were collected from primary sources.  A survey was conducted from 20 big retails chains and three super stores in Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad and Faisalabad. It was revealed that due to COVID-19 pandemic The reasons for low production and yield of pulses, in Sindh include lack of innovative crop improvement programs and use un certified seed.  Currently, about 90% of the pulses are cultivated from the farmers own saved seed.  According to the results consumption pattern of chickpea increased by 20% after COVID-19 pandemic.Most of the Lebanese and Mexican restaurants are operating in all big cities of Pakistan and most of the customers demand variety of cuisine like Baba Juong, Hamas and other dishes made of chickpeas.  The factors related with soil (marginal lands, alkaline soils with low organic matter and erosion), climate change, lack of crop-specific farm machinery, post-harvest losses and marketing issues. It was further revealed that due to COVID-19 farmers faced many challenges of availability of seed, fertilizer and pesticides in the far areas of these districts. It was further revealed that due to urban shift in the population dietry pattern change and it increase the demand of consumption of pulses in both rural and urban areas.  The study suggests various measures for improvement of pulses production as well as consumption level in the state through serious efforts by different stake holders who are involved in production, marketing and price determination of pulses.
Key words: Market analysis, consumption, Value addition, Chickpea
[Download Full Paper] [Page 35-40]
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6) Performance Efficiency of Lentil Intercropping With Guava in Larkana after Post COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan
Author’s Details: ⁽¹⁾Dr.Nadeem Bhatti-Vice Chancellor-Lahore Leads University ⁽²⁾Fritz Bohmler – Junkersstr.60 88250 Weingarton Germany ⁽³⁾Iqra Soomro-PhD. Student , NUST-Islamabad ⁽⁴⁾Dr.Faiz Muhammad Shaikh-Professor & Chairman, SZABAC-Dokri-Larkana-Sindh 
Abstract:
This research investigates the Performance efficiency of Lentil intercropping with Guava in Larkana after Post COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. Data were collected from 60 farmers in Mahota Larkana an data were analyzed by using SPSS software. According to the results Mungbeans cultivated in guava field increased the production of Guava as well as Mungbeans  yield performance  increased by 10 % after COVID-19 pandemic.    Most of the Lebanese and Mexican restaurants are operating in all big cities of Pakistan and most of the customers demand variety of cuisine like Baba Juong, Hamas and other dishes made of chickpeas.  The factors related with soil (marginal lands, alkaline soils with low organic matter and erosion), climate change, lack of crop-specific farm machinery, post-harvest losses and marketing issues. It was further revealed that due to COVID-19 farmers faced many challenges of availability of seed, fertilizer and pesticides in the far areas of these districts. It was further revealed that due to urban shift in the population dietary pattern change and it increase the demand of consumption of pulses in both rural and urban areas.  The study suggests various measures for improvement of pulses production as well as consumption level in the state through serious efforts by different stake holders who are involved in production, marketing and price determination of pulses.
Key words: Market analysis, consumption, Value addition, Chickpea
[Download Full Paper] [Page 41-46]
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